In 1998, the Twinning instrument was set up to support the then-candidate countries in public administration reforms necessary for the EU accession.
Since 2004, as the EU expanded, the institutions that have been the original Twinning beneficiaries have become providers of expertise. As intended, Twinning paved the way for the EU’s Fifth Enlargement.
Read more about countries that once benefitted from – and now deliver Twinning projects.
Poland's Financial Supervision Authority (UKNF) plays a pivotal role in advancing financial supervision across Central and Eastern Europe through Twinning projects.
Discover how UKNF's expertise and cooperation have empowered nations on their EU integration journey, fostering financial stability and regulatory excellence.
The story of the Slovak Environment Agency's transformative journey from Twinning beneficiary to expertise provider, catalysing enduring Greco-Slovak cooperation in environmental legislation.
Discover how this collaboration, initiated in 2004, continues to flourish, sharing invaluable knowledge with other partners.
The National Bank of Romania (NBR) has transitioned from an EU technical assistance recipient to a valuable contributor, sharing its banking regulation and supervision expertise with EU candidate and neighbouring countries.
Through Twinning, NBR has played a pivotal role in fortifying financial systems in Moldova and across various nations, cementing its status as a reliable partner in the realm of financial expertise.
Discover how Bulgaria's Ministry of Finance evolved from a Twinning project beneficiary in 2006-2007 to a provider of expertise, sharing valuable insights with North Macedonia.
With Twinning, Bulgaria strengthened legislative frameworks, improved budgetary practices, and promoted professional development, ultimately advancing public finance management. Now, it is sharing insights to support North Macedonia's fiscal governance and budget reforms.
Sweden's rich tradition of collaboration with EU Member States and neighbouring countries has been instrumental in shaping institutional capacities.
This commitment dates back to the early days of Twinning, where Sweden significantly contributed to bolstering institutions in the Baltic states during their pre-accession journey.
Today, Lithuania is recognised as a valued Twinning partner, and Swedish agencies actively engage in collaborative projects led by Lithuania.
Having shared the same legal system in the past, Slovenian counterparts provided very frank advice on the ways forward in the EU accession process to officials in North Macedonia.
Read more about how Slovenia, very shortly after joining the EU, shared its unique expertise with North Macedonia through Twinning.